Air pollution is defined as the contamination of environments by chemical, physical, or biological agents that disturb the natural atmosphere. Major harmful pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, considerably contribute to the global air pollution problem, posing severe risks to both health and the environment. As urban populations and industries expand, urban air pollution in urban areas has worsened, particularly in developing countries where pollution control measures are often insufficient. This has led to hazardous levels on the air pollution index, with 99% of the global population inhaling air that exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) limits. How does Air Pollution Affect Human Health? Air pollution substantially increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases, including respiratory and cardiovascular issues. The harmful pollutants present in the air can lead to a range o...